Knowledge, perceptions and practices adopted by a university community in Southeastern Brazil in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic.: Educación para la salud en la pandemia de COVID-19

Lucas Valério Felício; Julianne Soares Jardim Lacerda Batista; Ciro César Rossi; Sílvia Regina Costa Dias; Monalessa Fábia Pereira

doi:10.36704/cipraxis.v19i34.7244

Autores/as

Lucas Valério Felício Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7636-6493
Julianne Soares Jardim Lacerda Batista Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3210-6067
Ciro César Rossi Universidade Federal de Viçosa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3856-0882
Sílvia Regina Costa Dias Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2797-9346
Monalessa Fábia Pereira Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8134-8337

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36704/cipraxis.v19i34.7244

Palabras clave:

Pandemia, hábitos previos a la pandemia, hábitos pospandemia, COVID-19, Educación para la salud

Resumen

Introducción: Ante la amenaza de salud pública más grave del siglo XXI, se han sugerido varias acciones en todo el mundo para prevenir y controlar la propagación de COVID-19.

Objetivo: Para comprender cuáles de estas acciones fueron asimiladas, evaluamos aquí los conocimientos, percepciones y prácticas adquiridas y/o perfeccionadas por los estudiantes de pregrado.

Métodos: Este estudio cuantitativo transversal se realizó en una universidad pública en Minas Gerais, Brasil. Los datos se recolectaron mediante un cuestionario en línea distribuido a través de las redes sociales de la universidad entre el 3 de noviembre y el 18 de diciembre de 2020. El cuestionario, compuesto por 64 preguntas, evaluó el conocimiento, las percepciones y las prácticas de los estudiantes relacionadas con la COVID-19. Se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas y pruebas de chi-cuadrado para el análisis.

Resultados: De los 207 participantes, 59,4% trabajaban fuera del hogar durante el período de estudio. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los estudiantes dijeron que respetan el aislamiento social, usan mascarillas y tienen prácticas adecuadas de higiene. La mayoría de los estudiantes tiene la intención de mantener las prácticas de prevención/control, que fueron aprendidas principalmente en las redes sociales, después del final de la pandemia. Los estudiantes se mostraron optimistas sobre el control de la COVID-19 en un futuro cercano, pero muchos dijeron que estaban mentalmente perturbados y desmotivados. La mayoría aprueba la vacunación y se opone al uso de tratamientos sin evidencia científica.

Conclusión: Este estudio ofrece una nueva perspectiva sobre las percepciones y prácticas de los estudiantes universitarios de diversas disciplinas académicas en Brasil con respecto al COVID-19. Los hallazgos subrayan la necesidad continua de intervenciones específicas que aborden tanto los desafíos de salud física como mental que enfrentan los estudiantes universitarios, los cuales siguen siendo relevantes incluso con el fin de la pandemia.

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