A influência da atividade física no sistema imunológico: revisão integrativa
Keywords:
Exercício Físico, Imunidade, Saúde MentalAbstract
Scientific evidence indicates the beneficial effects of physical exercises on various aspects of physical and mental health of practitioners. The practice of physical activity can prevent and control the development of diseases due to the influence of several body systems, including the immune system. In this sense, this study sought to integrate data that could correlate the practice of physical activity with the immunological effects in analysis of different modalities and age groups. As a methodology, we searched for articles from the last 3 years in the MEDLINE/PUBMED, LILACS and Google Scholar databases with the descriptors "Exercise", "Physical Activity" and "Immune System". The articles were selected through the PRISMA flowchart. As a result, it was verified that medium and high intensity aerobic exercises can increase the p16INK4a expression of endothelial progenitor cells of the musculoskeletal system, as well as the proportions of lymphocytes, neutrophils and PD-1 proteins. Another finding links long-term strength and endurance exercises to the induction of changes in gene expression related to chronic low-grade inflammatory profile (CLIP) in blood mononuclear cells, affecting different genes and related pathways. Furthermore, it has been observed that physical inactivity at a younger age is a determinant of accelerated aging of the whole body, independent of premature senescence of immune cells. There is a close relationship between physical activity and modulation of the immune system, especially in lymphocyte expression. Despite the findings, this relationship is marked by complexity and demands new studies that specifically evaluate each mechanism and its relationship with age groups of individuals.
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