The Fundamental Right to Health: Public Policies and Judicialization
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36704/cipraxis.v20i35.8714Keywords:
Health, Public policy, Effectiveness, JudicializationAbstract
Introduction: The right to health is a fundamental social right provided for in the 1988 Federal
Constitution, in its article 6, and, consequently, a duty of the State. This means that all Brazilians have the right to health, and the State has the obligation to guarantee it. Fundamental rights are
declaratory norms that inform which legal good is to be protected and the right to health is part of
the 2nd dimension of these rights, that is, it is a positive right, a programmatic norm, of limited
effectiveness, that is, a norm installment that depends on the action of the State, on public policies that require funds from the public treasury. The Right to Health aims to promote health, including reducing the risk of diseases and other harm to the well-being of citizens.
Objective: This article aims to introduce the reader to basic concepts of the constitutionally provided
fundamental right to health, and public policies to promote this right. It also observes the flaws that
exist in the Brazilian health system, which leads to the judicialization of health, showing how the State
takes responsibility and seeks to impove the health systems and justice of this right.
Methods: This research outlined a methodological procedure based on bibliographic review and
documentary analysis, with the aim of examining the fundamental right to health and its relationship with judicialization in Brazil. The survey of sources was carried out in several stages, seeking to ensure a comprehensive and rigorous approach. The bibliographic search was conducted in books, scientific articles and official documents, prioritizing publications that deal with the regulatory frameworks of health in Brazil, as well as the evolution of the judicialization of this right. The selection of references took into account academic relevance, the currentness of the discussions and the diversity of theoretical perspectives. Databases such as SciELO, Google Scholar and institutional repositories were
explored to obtain a broad overview of the topic. Descriptors such as “right to health”, “judicialization of health”, “Unified Health System (SUS)”, “public health policies” and “State responsibility” were used. The documents were selected using a methodological approach that prioritized legal regulations (Federal Constitution of 1988, Law No. 8,080/1990, Law No. 8,142/1990, and Complementary Law No.141/2012), judgments from the Federal Supreme Court (STF) and the Court of Justice, as well as reports from government agencies and international organizations, such as the World Health Organization (WHO). This option is justified by the need to base the research on normative documents and case law decisions that regulate the right to health and reflect its practical application. The documentary analysis
included a critical reading of the selected sources, seeking to identify patterns, challenges, and
advances in the recognition of the right to health. In addition, reference works in the field of
constitutional law and public health were considered in order to ensure a solid and interdisciplinary theoretical basis.
Conclusion: It is concluded that, although the right to health is constitutionally guaranteed, its
implementation depends on effective public policies and state commitment. The Unified Health System (SUS) plays an essential role in promoting this right, but faces challenges such as insufficient funding, regional inequalities, and the growing judicialization of health. The increase in legal demands reflects the State's difficulty in guaranteeing full access to treatments and medicines, requiring more efficient
management of public resources and greater coordination between the branches of government. Thus, the consolidation of the right to health requires coordinated actions that improve infrastructure, qualify professionals, and promote the rational use of resources, ensuring a more equitable and accessible system for the entire population.
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