Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en personas con asma durante la pandemia covid-19

Autores/as

• Ronaldo José Faria Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
• Patrícia Silva Bazoni Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
• Jéssica Barreto Ribeiro dos Santos Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
• Michael Ruberson Ribeiro da Silva Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36704/cipraxis.v19i34.8756

Palabras clave:

Asma; Calidad de vida; Predominio; Epidemiología.

Resumen

Introducción: El asma es una afección compleja y multifactorial que presenta un desafío importante para los sistemas de salud de todo el mundo.

Objetivo: Evaluar la Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud (CVRS) en individuos con asma, así como sus factores asociados en residentes de la región sur del estado de Espírito Santo.

Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal mediante una encuesta de hogares aplicada a residentes del municipio de Alegre-ES, entre los meses de noviembre y diciembre de 2021. Los datos categóricos se presentaron mediante frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Las variables continuas se representaron mediante media y desviación estándar. La CVRS se midió utilizando el instrumento Europeo de Calidad de Vida 5 Dimensiones 3 Niveles (EQ-5D-3L) y los factores asociados se analizaron mediante regresión Tobit.

Resultados: Participaron del estudio 694 personas, de las cuales 43 (6,2%) padecían asma. La CVRS media de los asmáticos fue de 0,821, siendo el 53,5% clasificado su salud como muy buena o buena. Los factores asociados con niveles más bajos de CVRS incluyeron tener un IMC alto, tener una salud autocalificada mala o muy mala, no tener seguro médico, tomar más de cinco medicamentos (polifarmacia) y tener un diagnóstico de artritis.

Conclusión: La reducción de la CVRS en pacientes con asma se asoció con peor estado de salud, polifarmacia, IMC por encima de lo normal, falta de seguro médico y presencia de comorbilidades. La identificación de estos factores puede contribuir a la personalización del manejo de la enfermedad, reducir las complicaciones, las hospitalizaciones y orientar políticas públicas que garanticen un mejor acceso a la atención y a los medicamentos.

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