Health-related quality of life in individuals with asthma during the Covid-19 pandemic

Authors

• Ronaldo José Faria Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
• Patrícia Silva Bazoni Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
• Jéssica Barreto Ribeiro dos Santos Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
• Michael Ruberson Ribeiro da Silva Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36704/cipraxis.v19i34.8756

Keywords:

Asthma; Quality of life; Prevalence; Epidemiology.

Abstract

Introduction: Asthma is a complex, multifactorial condition that presents a significant challenge to healthcare systems worldwide.

Objective: To evaluate the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in individuals with asthma, as well as its associated factors in residents of the southern region of the state of Espírito Santo.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through a household survey applied to residents of the municipality of Alegre-ES, between November and December 2021. Absolute and relative frequencies presented categorical data. Continuous variables were represented by mean and standard deviation. HRQoL was measured using the European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions 3 Levels (EQ-5D-3L) instrument and associated factors were analyzed using Tobit regression.

Results: 694 individuals participated in the study, of which 43 (6.2%) had asthma. The average HRQOL of asthmatic individuals was 0.821, with 53.5%   classifying their health as very good or good. Factors associated with lower levels of HRQOL included having a high BMI, having poor/very poor self-rated health, not having health insurance, taking more than five medications (polypharmacy), and having a diagnosis of arthritis.

Conclusion: Reduced HRQoL in patients with asthma was associated with worse health status, polypharmacy, above-normal BMI, lack of health insurance, and the presence of comorbidities. The identification of these factors can contribute to the personalization of disease management, reduce complications and hospitalizations, and guide public policies that ensure better access to care and medicines.

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