Producción y caracterización de una β-glucosidasa mediante Aspergillus sp. en cultivo en estado sólido de residuos agroindustriales

Autores/as

• Eduardo da SIlva Martins UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS
• Dreison Mendanha Leal Arouca Poco
• Heytor Lemos Martins

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36704/cipraxis.v22i37.8852

Palabras clave:

Celulasa, Hongo, Biodegradación

Resumen

Introducción: Las β-glucosidasas son enzimas celulolíticas que tienen diversas aplicaciones industriales, como en la producción de biocombustibles y en la industria de zumos y vinos.

Objetivo: Evaluar el potencial de aprovechamiento de residuos agroindustriales para la producción de β-glucosidasa por el hongo Aspergillus sp. y determinar parámetros de cultivo orientados a incrementar la actividad enzimática.

Métodos: Para la producción de la enzima se evaluaron los siguientes parámetros: tipo de sustrato, tiempo de cultivo, solución nutritiva suplementaria, pH de la solución nutritiva, humedad inicial del sustrato y temperatura de incubación del hongo. En las mejores condiciones encontradas, la enzima se caracterizó en relación con el pH y la temperatura óptimos, así como con la estabilidad a estos factores.

Resultados: Los valores de actividad de la β-glucosidasa mostraron una diferencia significativa cuando el hongo se cultivó sobre sustratos compuestos por salvado de trigo y bagazo de caña (1:1 p/p), salvado de trigo y bagazo de malta (1:1 p/p) y en la mezcla de los tres sustratos (1:1:1 p/p), en relación al cultivo en salvado de trigo y en la mezcla de bagazo de caña y bagazo de malta (1:1 p/p). La actividad enzimática fue mayor en las siguientes condiciones de cultivo: solución nutritiva compuesta por NH₄NO₃, MgSO₄.7H₂O y (NH₄)₂SO₄ (0.1%) con pH 4.5 y 5.5, temperatura de incubación del hongo a 35 °C, con humedad inicial del sustrato a 65%. La enzima mostró mayor actividad en el rango de pH entre 4,5 y 5,5, y estabilidad en un amplio rango de pH (3,0 a 8,0). La temperatura óptima fue 65 °C y la enzima mostró una estabilidad superior al 70% durante 1 hora, hasta 55 °C.

Conclusión: El uso de residuos agroindustriales proporcionó una alta producción de β-glucosidasa por parte del hongo, presentando la enzima característica con potencial para aplicación industrial.

Citas

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