A emergência de um novo coronavírus zoonótico: SARS-CoV-2 e a pandemia da COVID-19
Palavras-chave:
Viroses emergentes, zoonoses, COVID-19, Coronavírus, SARS-CoV-2Resumo
Os coronavírus impõem uma ameaça contínua aos seres humanos e à saúde pública mundial, pois emergem inesperadamente, se espalham facilmente e levam a consequências catastróficas. O século XXI está marcado pela ocorrência de três significativas viroses zoonóticas causadas pelos coronavírus SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV e SARS-CoV-2. Atualmente estamos vivenciando a pandemia de COVID-19, uma grave doença respiratória causada por SARS-CoV-2. Os esforços para reconstituir a história epidemiológica da COVID-19 são intensos e necessários para que o problema atual não se repita em um futuro próximo. As experiências prévias com SARS-CoV e MERS-CoV foram valiosas para direcionar as medidas de controle de SARS-CoV-2. No entanto, até o momento não existe um tratamento eficaz ou uma vacina contra a COVID-19, e simples práticas preventivas combatem a disseminação do vírus. Diante disso, este artigo resume o atual conhecimento sobre os aspectos biológicos, epidemiológicos, clínicos e terapêuticos relacionados a SARS-CoV-2 e a COVID-19.
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