O VÍRUS DA XENOFOBIA E A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19.

Visualizações: 262

Autores

  • Heslley Machado da Silva Centro Universitário de Formiga (UNIFOR/MG)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36704/sulear.v5i13.6690

Palavras-chave:

xenofobia, novo coronavírus, his´tória, doenças, Fake News

Resumo

O texto aborda os riscos envolvendo xenofobia contra os chineses na internet, e redes sociais, na pandemia da COVID-19, além de demonstrar como irracional esta manifestação é, especialmente a ideia de criação de vírus em um laboratório. Nesse propósito, são abordados exemplos históricos de como o preconceito xenófobo não tem sentido e tem prejudicado a trajetória da humanidade em todas as regiões do mundo. Finalmente, alerto sobre a necessidade de usar ciência para enfrentar o novo coronavírus e abandonar as teorias da conspiração.

Referências

ARMONY, A. C.; VELÁSQUEZ, N. Anti-Chinese sentiment in Latin America: An analysis of online discourse. Journal of Chinese Political Science, v. 20, n. 3, p. 319–346, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11366-015-9365-z

BARRETT, A. D. T.; MONATH, T. P. Epidemiology and ecology of yellow fever virus. Advances in virus research, v. 61, p. 291–317, 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-3527(03)61007-9

BAUMGARTL, B.; FAVELL, A. New xenophobia in Europe. [s.l.] Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995.

BELLO. Jair Bolsonaro isolates himself, in the wrong way. The Economist, v. April, 11, 2020.

BRESLIN, S. China and the global political economy. [s.l.] Springer, 2016.

CAMPBELL, G. L. et al. West nile virus. The Lancet infectious diseases, v. 2, n. 9, p. 519–529, 2002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(02)00368-7

CHRISTOU, L. The global burden of bacterial and viral zoonotic infections. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, v. 17, n. 3, p. 326–330, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03441.x

FIGUEIREDO, L. T. M. Febres hemorrágicas por vírus no Brasil. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, v. 39, n. 2, p. 203–210, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0037-86822006000200014

FINLEY, T.; KOYAMA, M. Plague, Politics, and Pogroms: The Black Death, the Rule of Law, and the Persecution of Jews in the Holy Roman Empire. The Journal of Law and Economics, v. 61, n. 2, p. 253–277, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/699016

GOMES, C. Xenophobia online: Unmasking Singaporean attitudes towards ‘foreign talent’migrants. Asian Ethnicity, v. 15, n. 1, p. 21–40, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2013.784511

HAI, Y. Racism and Xenophobia in China. The East West Dialogue, 2005.

HEENEY, J. L.; DALGLEISH, A. G.; WEISS, R. A. Origins of HIV and the evolution of resistance to AIDS. Science, v. 313, n. 5786, p. 462–466, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1123016

HUSSAIN, A. et al. The anti-vaccination movement: a regression in modern medicine. Cureus, v. 10, n. 7, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.2919

KHALILI, L. After Brexit: reckoning with Britain’s racism and xenophobia. Poem, v. 5, n. 2–3, p. 253–265, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/20519842.2017.1292758

KINDHAUSER, M. K. et al. Zika: the origin and spread of a mosquito-borne virus. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, v. 94, n. 9, p. 675, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.16.171082

LIPSTADT, D. Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory. [s.l.] Penguin; UK ed. edition, 2016.

MATHEW, B. et al. Spread of hate speech in online social mediaProceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Web Science. Anais...2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3292522.3326034

MCEVEDY, C. The bubonic plague. Scientific American, v. 258, n. 2, p. 118–123, 1988. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0288-118

MOHAMMED, S. N. Conspiracy Theories and Flat-Earth Videos on YouTube. The Journal of Social Media in Society, v. 8, n. 2, p. 84–102, 2019.

NOVEL, C. P. E. R. E. The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China. Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi= Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi, v. 41, n. 2, p. 145, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2020.032

PAIXÃO, E. S. et al. Trends and factors associated with dengue mortality and fatality in Brazil. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, v. 48, n. 4, p. 399–405, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0145-2015

PRUGNOLLE, F. et al. African great apes are natural hosts of multiple related malaria species, including Plasmodium falciparum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 107, n. 4, p. 1458–1463, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0914440107

ROTHAN, H. A.; BYRAREDDY, S. N. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. Journal of autoimmunity, p. 102433, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433

SHARP, P. M.; HAHN, B. H. Origins of HIV and the AIDS pandemic. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine, v. 1, n. 1, p. a006841, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a006841

SHORTRIDGE, K. F. The 1918’Spanish’flu: pearls from swine? Nature medicine, v. 5, n. 4, p. 384–385, 1999. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/7383

SILVA AZEVEDO, R. DO S. DA et al. Reemergence of Oropouche fever, northern Brazil. Emerging infectious diseases, v. 13, n. 6, p. 912, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1306.061114

SILVA, H. M. The historic success of vaccination and the global challenge posed by inaccurate knowledge in social networks. Patient Education and Counseling, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2020.09.006

SOLOMON, T. et al. Origin and evolution of Japanese encephalitis virus in southeast Asia. Journal of virology, v. 77, n. 5, p. 3091–3098, 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.77.5.3091-3098.2003

SOUSA NEVES, A. DE; MACHADO, C. J. A reemergência do vírus Rocio no Brasil. Revista da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Sorocaba, v. 18, n. 1, p. 61–62, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5327/Z1984-4840201623881

TAKATSUKI, K. et al. Clinical diversity in adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma. Cancer research, v. 45, n. 9 Supplement, p. 4644s–4645s, 1985.

TARAS, R. Transnational xenophobia in Europe? Literary representations of contemporary fears. The European Legacy, v. 14, n. 4, p. 391–407, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10848770902999492

___. Xenophobia and Islamophobia in Europe. [s.l.] Edinburgh University Press, 2012.

TESH, R. B. et al. Mayaro virus disease: an emerging mosquito-borne zoonosis in tropical South America. Clinical infectious diseases, v. 28, n. 1, p. 67–73, 1999. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/515070

TOMORI, O. Yellow fever: the recurring plague. Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences, v. 41, n. 4, p. 391–427, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408360490497474

VASCONCELLOS-SILVA, P. R.; CASTIEL, L. D.; GRIEP, R. H. The media-driven risk society, the anti-vaccination movement and risk of autismo. Ciencia & saude coletiva, v. 20, p. 607–616, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232015202.10172014

WAKEFIELD, A. et al. RETRACTED: Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children. The Lancet, v. 351, n. 9103, p. 637–641, 28 fev. 1998.

WAKEFIELD, A. J. et al. Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children. THE LANCET, v. 351, p. 637–641, 1998. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(97)11096-0

WHITE, A. I. R. Historical linkages: epidemic threat, economic risk, and xenophobia. The Lancet, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30737-6

WHITEHEAD, A. L.; PERRY, S. L.; BAKER, J. O. Make America Christian again: Christian nationalism and voting for Donald Trump in the 2016 presidential election. Sociology of Religion, v. 79, n. 2, p. 147–171, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/socrel/srx070

WINKLER, A. The Medieval Holocaust: The Approach of the Plague and the Destruction of Jews in Germany, 1348-1349. FEEFHS Journal, p. 6, 2005.

WISTRICH, R. S. Demonizing the other: antisemitism, racism and xenophobia. [s.l.] Routledge, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203727249

WU, Z.; MCGOOGAN, J. M. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Jama, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.2648

YAMAGUCHI, T. Xenophobia in action: Ultranationalism, hate speech, and the internet in Japan. Radical History Review, v. 2013, n. 117, p. 98–118, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-2210617

ZHANG, T.; WU, Q.; ZHANG, Z. Probable pangolin origin of SARS-CoV-2 associated with the COVID-19 outbreak. Current Biology, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2020.03.063

ZHENG, Y.; PAN, R.; D’COSTA, P. D. From defensive to aggressive strategies: The evolution of economic nationalism in China. Globalization and Economic Nationalism in Asia, v. 84, p. 680–714, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199646210.003.0004

ZIETZ, B. P.; DUNKELBERG, H. The history of the plague and the research on the causative agent Yersinia pestis. International journal of hygiene and environmental health, v. 207, n. 2, p. 165–178, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1078/1438-4639-00259

Downloads

Publicado

12-05-2023

Como Citar

Machado da Silva, H. (2023). O VÍRUS DA XENOFOBIA E A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19. Revista Interdisciplinar Sulear, 5(13), 26–38. https://doi.org/10.36704/sulear.v5i13.6690

Edição

Seção

Artigos