A Erradicação da Varíola e o Desafio das Fake News Científicas: Lições do Passado para o Presente.
Palabras clave:
Influência, desinformação, vacinação, redes sociais, educaçãoResumen
La erradicación de la viruela se celebra como un triunfo en la lucha contra las enfermedades infecciosas, a pesar de los retos iniciales a los que se enfrentó la campaña de la OMS. Se especula sobre cómo la difusión de información errónea en las redes sociales afectó negativamente a la campaña en la década de 1970, lo que pone de relieve la importancia de regular la información en el ámbito de la salud pública. Esto se contrasta con la situación vivida durante la pandemia de COVID-19, destacando los retos planteados por el movimiento antivacunas y las noticias falsas sobre los inmunizadores. Se insiste en la necesidad de la educación, la confianza en la ciencia y la regulación de la información para hacer frente a las pandemias y erradicar las enfermedades, al tiempo que se advierte de los peligros de la desinformación en las redes sociales.
Citas
ARITA, I. Virological evidence for the success of the smallpox eradication programme. Nature, v. 279, n. 5711, p. 293–298, 1979.
AXFORS, C. et al. Mortality outcomes with hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19 from an international collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials. Nature Communications, v. 12, n. 1, p. 2349, 2021. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22446-z>.
BACCARELLA, C. V et al. Social media? It’s serious! Understanding the dark side of social media. European Management Journal, v. 36, n. 4, p. 431–438, 2018.
BEHBEHANI, A. M. The smallpox story: life and death of an old disease. Microbiological reviews, v. 47, n. 4, p. 455–509, 1983.
BRITO, G. B.; TREVISAN, M. O uso indevido de antibióticos e o eminente risco de resistência bacteriana. Revista Artigos. Com, v. 30, p. e7902–e7902, 2021.
BURKI, T. The online anti-vaccine movement in the age of COVID-19. The Lancet Digital Health, v. 2, n. 10, p. e504–e505, 2020.
BURNI, A.; TAMAKI, E. Populist Communication During the Covid-19 Pandemic: the Case of Brazi’s President Bolsonaro. Partecipazione e conflitto, v. 14, n. 1, p. 113–131, 2021.
CINELLI, M. et al. The covid-19 social media infodemic. Scientific reports, v. 10, n. 1, p. 1–10, 2020.
DYER, O. Trump claims public health warnings on covid-19 are a conspiracy against him. bmj, v. 368, p. m941, 2020.
FAIR, R. J.; TOR, Y. Antibiotics and bacterial resistance in the 21st century. Perspectives in medicinal chemistry, v. 6, p. PMC-S14459, 2014.
FERRARI, I. W. et al. “Early Treatment”, Anti-Vaccination, and Denialism: who are the Doctors for Life in the COVID-19 pandemic context in Brazil? Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, v. 27, p. 4213, 2022.
FURLAN, L.; CARAMELLI, B. The regrettable story of the “Covid Kit” and the “Early Treatment of Covid-19” in Brazil. The Lancet Regional Health–Americas, v. 4, 2021.
HACHTEN, W. A. The troubles of journalism: A critical look at what’s right and wrong with the press. [s.l.] Routledge, 2005.
HARDWICKE, C. J. The World Health Organization and the pharmaceutical industry: Common areas of interest and differing views. Adverse drug reactions and toxicological reviews, v. 21, p. 51–99, 2002.
HENDERSON, D. A. The eradication of smallpox–an overview of the past, present, and future. Vaccine, v. 29, p. D7–D9, 2011.
HENTSCHKE-LOPES, M. et al. Sales of “COVID kit” drugs and adverse drug reactions reported by the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency. Cadernos de saúde pública, v. 38, p. e00001022, 2022.
HOTEZ, P. J.; NUZHATH, T.; COLWELL, B. Combating vaccine hesitancy and other 21st century social determinants in the global fight against measles. Current opinion in virology, v. 41, p. 1–7, 2020.
HUNTER, P. R. Thrombosis after covid-19 vaccinationBmjBritish Medical Journal Publishing Group, , 2021. .
MALTA, M.; STRATHDEE, S. A.; GARCIA, P. J. The brazilian tragedy: Where patients living at the ‘Earth’s lungs’ die of asphyxia, and the fallacy of herd immunity is killing people. EClinicalMedicine, v. 32, 2021.
NAEEM, S. Bin; BHATTI, R.; KHAN, A. An exploration of how fake news is taking over social media and putting public health at risk. Health Information & Libraries Journal, v. 38, n. 2, p. 143–149, 2021.
ORSO, D. et al. Infodemic and the spread of fake news in the COVID-19-era. European Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2020.
RICARD, J.; MEDEIROS, J. Using misinformation as a political weapon: COVID-19 and Bolsonaro in Brazil. The Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, 2020.
ROBBINS, S. C. C.; WARD, K.; SKINNER, S. R. School-based vaccination: a systematic review of process evaluations. Vaccine, v. 29, n. 52, p. 9588–9599, 2011.
SANTOS-PINTO, C. D. B.; MIRANDA, E. S.; OSORIO-DE-CASTRO, C. G. S. “Kit-covid” and the Popular Pharmacy Program in Brazil. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, v. 37, p. e00348020, 2021.
SIDDIQUI, M.; SALMON, D. A.; OMER, S. B. Epidemiology of vaccine hesitancy in the United States. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, v. 9, n. 12, p. 2643–2648, 2013.
SILVA, H. M. The xenophobia virus and the COVID-19 pandemic. Éthique & Santé, v. 18, n. 2, p. 102–106, 2021a.
SILVA, H. M. The (in) competence of the Bolsonaro government in confronting Covid-19. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, p. 1–3, 2021b.
SILVA, H. M. Antibiotics against viruses: Brazilian doctors adrift. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, p. 1–5, 2021c.
SILVA, H. M. Medicines and Illusions in the fight against COVID-19 in Brazil. Ethics, Medicine and Public Health, v. 16, n. November 2020, p. 100622, 2021d. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100622>.
SILVA, H. M. Tratamento profilático contra a Covid-19 no Brasil, um risco inútil. Revista Saúde. com, v. 18, n. 1, 2022.
SILVA, H. M. A sad example of the destructive potential of Brazilian science denialism. Revista Científic@ Universitas, v. 10, n. 1, p. 15–31, 2023.
TEMPLE, C.; HOANG, R.; HENDRICKSON, R. G. Toxic effects from ivermectin use associated with prevention and treatment of Covid-19. New England Journal of Medicine, v. 385, n. 23, p. 2197–2198, 2021.
ULLAH, I. et al. Myths and conspiracy theories on vaccines and COVID-19: Potential effect on global vaccine refusals. Vacunas, v. 22, n. 2, p. 93–97, 2021.
VENTURA, D.; AITH, F.; REIS, R. Crimes against humanity in Brazil’s covid-19 response—a lesson to us all. bmj, v. 375, 2021.
WILLIAMS, G. Angel of death: the story of smallpox. [s.l.] Springer, 2010.
WITBERG, G. et al. Myocarditis after Covid-19 vaccination in a large health care organization. New England Journal of Medicine, v. 385, n. 23, p. 2132–2139, 2021.
YAMEY, G.; GONSALVES, G. Donald Trump: a political determinant of covid-19. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), v. 369, p. m1643, 2020.
